Gender, genre, and writing style in formal written texts

This paper explores differences between male and female writing in a large subset of the British National Corpus covering a range of genres. Several classes of simple lexical and syntactic features that differ substantially according to author gender are identified, both in fiction and in non-fiction documents. In particular, we find significant differences between male- and female-authored documents in the use of pronouns and certain types of noun modifiers: although the total number of nominals used by male and female authors is virtually identical, females use many more pronouns and males use many more noun specifiers. More generally, it is found that even in formal writing, female writing exhibits greater usage of features identified by previous researchers as quot;involved quot; while male writing exhibits greater usage of features which have been identified as quot;informationalquot;. Finally, a strong correlation between the characteristics of male (female) writing and those of nonfiction (fiction) is demonstrated.