Effect of lidocaine on the electrophysiological properties of ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers

Preparations of right ventricular papillary muscle and false tendon (Purkinje fiber) were obtained from dog hearts, placed in a bath perfused with Tyrode solution, and observed both under control conditions and during exposure to lidocaine in concentrations from 1 x 10(-7) to 5 x 10(-4) mole/liter. Transmembrane voltages were recorded from both ventricular muscle (VM) and Purkinje fibers (PF) of spontaneously beating and electrically driven preparations. Low concentrations (1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-5) mole/liter) attenuated or abolished phase 4 (diastolic) depolarization and spontaneous firing in PF without decreasing their diastolic excitability. Concentrations of 1 x 10(-5) mole/liter produced maximal shortening of both action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) and made the ERP long relative to APD; the latter alteration was more prominent in VM. At concentrations /= 1 x 10(-4) mole/liter) did not cause further shortening of APD or ERP in either VM or PF but did produce a decrease in peak V(max) of phase 0 and membrane responsiveness. In most cases, these concentrations also caused a decrease in RP or DTMV(max) and action potential amplitude, with progression to bizarre action potential depolarization and inexcitability. These properties of lidocaine are strikingly different from those of quinidine or procaine amide. The mechanisms responsible for lidocaine's in vivo antiarrhythmic action are discussed.