Forearm training reduces the exercise pressor reflex during ischemic rhythmic handgrip

We examined the effects of unilateral, nondominant forearm training (4 wk) on blood pressure and forearm metabolites during ischemic and nonischemic rhythmic handgrip (30 1-s contractions/min at 25% maximal voluntary contraction). Contractions were performed by 10 subjects with the forearm enclosed in a pressurized Plexiglas tank to induce ischemic conditions. Training increased the endurance time in the nondominant arm by 102% (protocol 1). In protocol 2, tank pressure was increased in increments of 10 mmHg/min to +50 mmHg. Training raised the positive-pressure threshold necessary to engage the pressor response. In protocol 3, handgrip was performed at +50 mmHg and venous blood samples were analyzed. Training attenuated mean arterial pressure (109 +/- 5 and 98 +/- 4 mmHg pre- and posttraining, respectively, P < 0.01), venous lactate (2.9 +/- 0.4 and 1.8 +/- 0.3 mmol/l pre- and posttraining, respectively, P < 0.01), and the pH response (7.21 +/- 0.02 and 7.25 +/- 0.01, pre- and posttraining, respectively, P < 0.01). However, deep venous O2 saturation was unchanged. Training increased the positive-pressure threshold for metaboreceptor engagement, reduced metabolite concentrations, and reduced mean arterial pressure during ischemic exercise.