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This paper describes a real-time walking control system developed for the biped robots JOHNNIE and LOLA. Walking trajectories are planned on-line using a simplified robot model and modified by a stabilizing controller. The controller uses hybrid position/force control in task space based on a resolved motion rate scheme. Inertial stabilization is achieved by modifying the contact force trajectories. The paper includes an analysis of the dynamics of controlled bipeds, which is the basis for the proposed control system. The system was tested both in forward dynamics simulations and in experiments with JOHNNIE.
Buschmann et al. (Thu,) studied this question.