Multilevel converters for large electric drives

Traditional two-level high-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters for motor drives have several problems associated with their high frequency switching which produces common-mode voltage and high voltage change (dV/dt) rates to the motor windings. Multilevel inverters solve these problems because their devices can switch at a much lower frequency. Two different multilevel topologies are identified for use as a power converter for electric drives: a cascade inverter with separate DC sources; and a back-to-back diode clamped converter. The cascade inverter is a natural fit for large automotive all-electric drives because of the high VA ratings possible and because it uses several levels of DC voltage sources which would be available from batteries or fuel cells. The back-to-back diode clamped converter is ideal where a source of AC voltage is available such as a hybrid electric vehicle. Simulation and experimental results show the superiority of these two power converters over PWM-based drives.