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In this study, the previous as well as current dynamics of Ethio-Sudan relation, conflict or cooperation over the hydro-politics of the Nile had been critically assessed. To this effect, using case study research design, relevant theories of hydro-politics had been employed. The finding reveals that the implementation of hegemonic paradigm by Egypt influenced Ethiopia and the Sudan to pursue competing foreign policy orientations and practices over the utilisation and development of the Nile water resources. The contradiction between previous Egypt–Sudan agreements and the New Cooperative Framework Agreement among other riparian countries headed by Ethiopia has also remained to be a challenge to Ethio-Sudan relations over the issue. However, enabling practical lessons that Sudan has got from various hydro-projects of Ethiopia over the Nile River in the recent past, has recently been creating an opportunity for an improving Ethio-Sudan bilateral relation over the Nile question. Therefore, unlike various forms of Ethio-Sudan diplomatic rifts over the utilisation and management of the Nile water resource in the past, the cumulative effect of critical analysis of current developments indicates the recognition of cooperation over conflict between the two neighbours.
Beyene et al. (Mon,) studied this question.