CX3CL1 promotes M1 macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation through NF-κB signaling pathway in ankylosing spondylitis in vitro

The study demonstrated that up-regulated CX3CL1 promotes M1-type macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Inhibition of this pathway and blocking CX3CL1 can alleviate inflammation and bone destruction in AS. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AS and provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.