Entropy generation analysis of kerosene oil flow with ternary hybrid nanoparticles on the stretchable exponential surface

In this research, the flow of kerosene oil with ternary hybrid nanoparticles on a stretchable exponential surface has been investigated. There is also a discussion about the entropy analysis of the flow of hydromagnetic radiation by the surface. The ternary hybrid nanofluid (THyNF) contains graphene oxide (GO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) as nanoparticles and kerosene oil as a base fluid. Using useful transformations, differential equations with partial derivatives (PDEs) were transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, the ODEs were solved using the RK5th method. Furthermore, the impacts of parameters like radiation parameter (Rd), porosity parameter (λ), and volume fraction (φ) of THyNF were investigated. Magnetic field (M) and shape factor (SF) on the temperature (θ(η)) and velocity (f ′η) profiles have been investigated. Increasing the magnetic field parameter (M) raises the Lorentz force, which produces resistance to fluid flow and reduces fluid velocity (f ′η). The temperature profile (θ(η)) rises with increasing magnetic field because the reduced flow rate due to increasing magnetic parameter allows the nanoparticles to transfer more heat. As the nanoparticle volume fraction increases, both the velocity and temperature profiles increase. The effects of M, Rd, SF (shape factor), and λon entropy generation (SG) and Bejan number (Be) have been discussed. Also, the results show that at a fixed value of the magnetic field or the porosity parameter, with the increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the −CfxRex12 rises. At a constant value of the φ value of NuxRex−12 rises with the increase of the radiation parameter.