Reliability and validity of four cognitive interpretation bias measures in the context of social anxiety

People with social anxiety disorder tend to interpret ambiguous social information in a negative rather than positive manner. Such interpretation biases may cause and maintain anxiety symptoms. However, there is considerable variability in the observed effects across studies, with some not finding a relationship between interpretation biases and social anxiety. Poor psychometric properties of interpretation bias measures may explain such inconsistent findings. We evaluated the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of four interpretation bias measures, ranging from more implicit and automatic to more explicit and reflective: the Probe Scenario Task, the Recognition Task, the Scrambled Sentences Task, and the Interpretation and Judgmental Bias Questionnaire. Young adults (N = 94) completed interpretation bias measures in two sessions separated by one week. Psychometric properties of the Probe Scenario and Recognition Task were not acceptable. The reliability of the Scrambled Sentences Task and the Interpretation and Judgemental Bias Questionnaire was good, and they correlated highly with social anxiety and each other supporting their concurrent and convergent validity. We discuss likely reasons for poor psychometric properties of some tasks and suggest potential solutions to improve the assessment of implicit and automatic biases in social anxiety in future research.