Progress with the Second Dose Measles Vaccine Introduction and Coverage in the WHO African Region

Introduction: To achieve global and regional measles elimination objectives, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends coverage of 95% or higher with two doses of measles-containing vaccine. A second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) is typically administered in the second year of life after 12 months of age. Methods: We reviewed WHO-UNICEF estimates of national coverage (WUENIC) for the first and second doses of MCV (MCV1 and MCV2, respectively) and calculated drop-out rates between MCV1 and MCV2 for countries in the WHO African Region. Results: From 2013 to 2023, estimated regional MCV2 coverage increased from 7% to 49%, and at the end of 2023, 43 (91%) countries had introduced MCV2 into their routine immunization programs. Countries with more antigens provided in the second year of life had higher mean and median MCV2 coverage levels, and lower drop-out rates between MCV1 and MCV2, as compared to countries providing only MCV2. Discussion: Despite substantial progress, MCV2 coverage remains below the required levels to achieve and sustain elimination, and many countries have high drop-out rates between MCV1 and MCV2 coverage, indicating challenges in reaching children over 12 months of age. Increasing coverage of MCV2 and other vaccines in the second year of life is essential to achieving higher and equitable routine immunization coverage. This will require continued efforts to understand and mitigate barriers to reaching children after 12 months of age and accelerated implementation of available tools.