Senna alata: Phytochemistry, Antioxidant, Thrombolytic, Anti-inflammatory, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial activity, and GC-MS analysis

Objective: Nepal's medicinal herbs are rich in cultural importance and have several uses. Senna alata, a plant belonging to the Leguminosae family, is prized for its aesthetic and therapeutic qualities. The goal of the study was to extract Senna alata leaves using several solvent macerations. Methods: The study aims to evaluate the phytochemistry, total phenolic and flavonoid levels, antioxidant qualities in vitro, anti-inflammatory effects, cytotoxicity, anti-thrombolytic potential, and antibacterial activity, a variety of methodologies were employed. Results: The extractive values of Senna alata were determined as 1.58%, 0.78%, and 5.92% in hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed major compounds such as 3-Methylmannoside, Neophytadiene, Campesterol, and Vitamin E in the leaf extract. Qualitative phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, and saponins in the methanol extract. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 46.36±4.5 mg GAE/g and 480.4±3.055 QE/g of dried extract, respectively. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with IC50 values of 29.81 and 9.93, respectively. Additionally, it demonstrated cytotoxic activity with an LC50 value of 767.85 in the brine shrimp bioassay. In terms of thrombolytic activity, the extract showed clot lysis percentages of 7.89% and 10.13% at concentrations of 10 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Senna alata leaves displayed therapeutic potential, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and antibacterial effects. The presence of several bioactive compounds, as confirmed by GC-MS analysis, further supports the plant's potential for therapeutic use.