The Sectoral Structure and Geographical Priorities in Türkiye’s Foreign Trade in The Context of Economic Uncertainty

The article investigates changes in the sectoral and geographical structure of Turkey’s foreign trade between 2019 and 2024. A reduction in the share of textiles, textile products, and footwear in the export commodity structure is identified, compensated by an increase in the combined share of mineral products, food products, and agricultural raw materials (excluding textiles). In the import commodity structure, an increase in the share of machinery, equipment, and vehicles is recorded, off set by a decrease in the combined share of chemical industry products, rubber, textiles, textile products and footwear, as well as mineral products. The necessity for Turkey to intensify efforts in the production of medium-to-high-tech and high-tech products is highlighted. It is shown that travel traditionally dominates Turkey’s service export structure, while transport services lead in the service import structure. The high degree of diversifi cation of the country’s foreign trade is demonstrated using the Herfi ndahl- Hirschman Index. It is found that the largest importers of goods from Turkey are mainly developed countries — Germany, the USA, and the UK. Meanwhile, the leading exporters of goods to Turkey are China, Russia, and Germany. To address the absence of target indicators for the implementation of Turkey’s bilateral trade development plans in offi cial documents, an analysis of mass media publications is proposed. Systematization of the obtained data by region reveals that Turkey’s foreign trade policy primarily focuses on European and North American countries. Significant attention is also given to countries in the Middle East and Africa. Regarding Asian countries, Turkey’s interest in expanding foreign trade interaction with these countries is relatively limited. The article concludes that Turkey’s active trade policy across various geographical directions should positively impact the country’s foreign trade.