Overview of ultrasound-guided plane blocks performed within the scope of multimodal anesthesia applications in lower and upper abdominal surgeries

Effective acute postoperative pain management is essential to prevent chronic pain, preserve function, and enhance quality of life. Multimodal anesthesia protocols are widely recommended for effective control of postoperative pain. Due to the side effects of opioids, there has been an increase in the tendency towards non-opioid based analgesic approaches. Peripheral nerve blocks support this approach. Nerve blocks used in upper abdominal surgery include external oblique intercostal block and paravertebral block; nerve blocks used in lower abdominal surgery include transversalis fascia plane block. Nerve blocks used in upper and lower abdominal surgery include transversus abdominis plane block and bilateral erector spina plane block. Appropriate use of these blocks reduces opioid use, prevents chronic pain, and improves patient satisfaction.