Aquaculture in the Indian Knowledge System: Traditional Wisdom and Modern Relevance

Aquaculture in India has evolved as both a livelihood and a cultural practice, deeply embedded within the Indian Knowledge System (IKS). Rooted in ancient texts, rituals, and community traditions, aquaculture demonstrates the sustainable use of aquatic resources for food, culture, and ecological balance. This paper explores the historical, cultural, and philosophical dimensions of aquaculture in IKS, alongside its practices and their implications for modern aquaculture. By highlighting indigenous knowledge such as rice–fish systems, pond culture, herbal therapeutics, and community water management, the article presents a case for integrating traditional ecological wisdom with modern scientific advancements. Such integration is essential for addressing challenges of food security, climate resilience, and biodiversity conservation. The article concludes by emphasising the relevance of IKS-informed aquaculture in achieving sustainable development goals and fostering community resilience.