Mastitis Comprehensive Therapy and Its Role in Increasing Natural Resistance in Cows

The objective of the study is to analyze current methods for preventing and treating mastitis in dairy cattle, including increasing herd resistance, optimizing therapy, and improving housing conditions to reduce economic losses. The study focused on dairy cattle. Recent research has shown that mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland in mammals, leading to reduced milk productivity and quality, and economic losses for livestock owners. The etiology of the disease includes bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp.), and less commonly, fungal (Candida spp.) and protozoan (Prototheca spp.) microflora. The pathogenic features of the disease manifest themselves in the fact that the inflammatory process causes structural changes in the secretory epithelium of the mammary gland, thereby negatively affecting lactation and the development of young animals. Severe forms of the disease can lead to agalactia and systemic udder pathology. The authors of the scientific papers noted that treatment methodology is typically based on bacteriological diagnostics with antimicrobial susceptibility testing. It has been shown that treating subclinical mastitis during lactation is often economically impractical due to high cost and low efficacy; priority is given to preventive measures and early detection. Standardization of treatment processes is ensured by the implementation of electronic treatment protocols in accordance with GOST R ISO/IEC 17025-2019, which allows for the optimization of treatment regimens, monitoring the quality of veterinary services, rational use of antimicrobials, and reducing the risk of developing antibiotic resistance. The practical significance of the study lies in the analysis and integration of Russian and international experience in the prevention and treatment of mastitis.