Environmental justice movements in resource-rich African nations like Ethiopia have gained prominence as communities confront environmental degradation resulting from exploitative resource extraction practices. The study employs a mixed-methods approach involving literature review, expert interviews, and qualitative data analysis from selected regions of Ethiopia. Case studies of resource extraction projects will be analysed to highlight challenges and successes in implementing environmental regulations. Analysis reveals significant disparities between the legal protections afforded to communities and actual implementation rates, with only 30% of affected individuals reporting formal complaints against harmful practices. Community mobilization efforts have been effective in some regions but require more structured support systems. The findings underscore a need for comprehensive policy reforms that prioritise community participation and equitable resource distribution, alongside improved enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with environmental regulations. Recommendations include strengthening legal protections, enhancing public education campaigns about rights and responsibilities, and establishing dedicated monitoring bodies to oversee implementation of new policies. Collaboration between government agencies, NGOs, and local communities is also recommended for effective policy execution. Environmental Justice, Resource Extraction, Legal Frameworks, Community Engagement, Policy Analysis
Mosisa Bekele (Sun,) studied this question.