Modern Approaches to the Design of Public Housing: Analysis of International Experience

The aim of the study is to identify key trends in the design of public social housing based on the analysis of international experience. The relevance of the work is due to the need to develop effective architectural solutions to provide affordable housing for vulnerable groups of the population in the context of growing urbanization and social inequality. The main results of the study demonstrate the diversity of modern approaches to the organization of social housing. The analysis of six projects from China, Taiwan, Spain and Austria revealed various architectural typologies - from combined block structures to innovative atrium solutions. Particular attention is paid to adaptive planning solutions that allow transforming living spaces in accordance with the needs of different social groups. The study showed the importance of integrating public areas for the socialization of residents and the need for energy-efficient solutions to create a sustainable living environment. The significance of the obtained results for architecture consists in proving the possibility of combining economic accessibility, social efficiency and high quality of the living environment. Modern social housing projects cease to be utilitarian solutions, turning into a tool for creating a comfortable urban environment. Thus, a fundamentally new view of the role of public housing is proposed - not as a passive object of subsidies, but as an active tool for sustainable development, contributing to the reduction of the social gap and increasing the attractiveness of the urban environment as a whole. The development of new standards for Russia, taking into account these findings, presupposes not a simple copying of foreign models, but a creative adaptation of the identified principles to local conditions