Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent dermatological disorders affecting adolescents and adults worldwide. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. The pathogenesis of acne involves multiple factors including increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammatory immune responses. Hormonal influences, genetic predisposition, diet, medications, and lifestyle factors also contribute to disease development and severity. Acne can significantly affect psychological well-being and quality of life, especially in young individuals. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, classification of severity, complications such as scarring, and modern therapeutic approaches for acne vulgaris. In addition, the role of antibiotics, hormonal therapy, and lifestyle modifications in acne management is discussed.
Ravichandran et al. (Tue,) studied this question.