Prevalence of Respiratory Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract Background: Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition that affects multiple organ systems, including the respiratory system. Respiratory complications ae more common in CKD. This can significantly increase mortality and morbidity. Early detection is more essential for proper management. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and types of respiratory complications among patients with CKD and to assess the association between CKD stage and the presence of respiratory complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 patients diagnosed with CKD. Data on demographics, CKD stage, and respiratory complications were collected using a structured proforma. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of respiratory complications, and the results were expressed as frequency and percentage. The association between CKD stage and respiratory complications were assessed using the Chi-square test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 150,88 male and 62 female, the respiratory complications were found in 118 (78.7%) patients. Pulmonary edema was the most common complication (30%) followed by pneumonia (18.7). Respiratory complications were more frequent in advanced CKD stages, especially stage 5. A statistically significant association was observed between CKD stages and respiratory complications χ² = 99.070, df = 4, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Respiratory complications are highly prevalent among CKD patients, with pulmonary edema being the most common. The prevalence increases with CKD stage, highlighting the need for early detection and appropriate management to reduce morbidity and improve patient outcomes.