Abstract Human perception of the universe is mediated by photons, the fundamental quanta of electromagnetic radiation. This paper presents a unified framework integrating photon–matter interaction, biological sensory processing, and feedback-controlled system dynamics under the Universal Balance–Feedback Framework (UBFF)—a systems-theoretic architecture grounded in four universal laws: System Integrity (SIL), Universal Balance (UBL), Universal Feedback Loop Mechanism (UFLM), and Universal Interconnected Nodes (UIN) . We propose that perceived reality is a reconstructed internal representation generated through the interaction between external photonic inputs and internal cognitive states, formally modeled as a closed-loop linear time-invariant (LTI) system. The phototransduction stage is characterised using a sigmoid gain function derived from the Naka–Rushton equation . System stability is analysed via eigenvalue placement of the closed-loop state matrix (A-BK), and a Lyapunov stability proof is provided for the perceptual feedback loop. The Universal Balance Law is operationalised as a zero-drift equilibrium condition on the integrated sensory-cognitive state vector. Entropy-based perception uncertainty is quantified through the Kullback–Leibler divergence between prior cognitive models and incoming sensory evidence. The framework is shown to be generalisable across biological, social, and artificial intelligence systems. A numerical worked example demonstrates eigenvalue assignment for a two-state perceptual system.
Angelito Enriquez Malicse (Thu,) studied this question.