Advancements in Deep Purification of Gas from Biomass Gasification Using a Dry Method with an Activated Carbon Bed

Energy transformation requires the development of distributed renewable energy, in which heat and electricity are produced by small units or production facilities for local needs. One favorable development direction is the thermal conversion of biomass, which is classified as a renewable energy source. Due to the variability of its physicochemical properties, gasification technology offers a flexible and competitive alternative to combustion processes. One of the key challenges associated with biomass gasification is the relatively high concentration of contaminants in the raw producer gas. This article presents the results of pilot studies on producer gas purification using activated carbon fixed-bed adsorption. The pilot studies focused on assessing the effectiveness of this technology in the context of purifying producer gas from biomass gasification installations. During the conducted experimental study, approximately 2.2 kg of contaminants were adsorbed. The calculated unit mass of adsorbed contaminants per unit volume of producer gas was 11.7 g/Nm3. The removal efficiency of contaminants was 61.5% for tar compounds and 83.6% for volatile organic compounds. A 100% removal efficiency was achieved for the analyzed sulfur compounds (H2S, COS, and CH3SH). The research showed positive effects of adsorption for final producer gas purification, supporting further experimental research.