The effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on renal function and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with periodontitis and Chronic Kidney Disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies.

To evaluate whether non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) improves renal function and inflammatory biomarker levels in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients (Stages II–IV) with periodontitis, compared with no periodontal treatment or oral hygiene instructions (OHI) alone. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted and PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials were searched. Primary outcomes included renal function parameters-estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate(eGFR), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)-and secondary outcomes systemic inflammatory biomarkers and periodontal parameters. Data were analysed using a number of statistical packages. Out of 1,200 records, five studies met inclusion criteria, enrolling 252 patients. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for eGFR was 0.20 (95% CI: –0.28 to 0.68; I 2 = 65.6%), for UACR was 0.46 (95% CI: –0.29 to 1.20; I 2 = 84.8%) and for high-sensitive C-Reactive Protein levels 0.58 (95% CI: –1.57 to 0.41; I 2 = 89.7%), indicating potential improvement in renal function and inflammatory burden without reaching statistical significance. Funnel plot and Egger’s tests revealed no evidence of publication bias. No statistically significant effect of NSPT on renal function and systemic inflammation was observed in non-dialysis CKD patients with periodontitis. Although a trend towards improvement was indicated, current evidence is inconsistent and limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up, and lack of true control groups.