A Unified Theory of Cosmic Evolution,Galaxy Dynamics and the Nature of Gravity Based on the Hydraulic Torque Converter Model and the Bead–Glow Model

Modern cosmology faces profound crises in explaining core observations such as the flatness of galaxy rotation curves, the accelerated expansion of the universe, the disk-like structure of galaxies, the microscopic origin of gravity, and the stable 1.7 s delay between gravitational and electromagnetic signals in the GW170817 binary neutron star merger. These challenges expose the essential dilemma of dark matter and dark energy, the non-quantizability of spacetime curvature, and the lack of a dynamical temporal sequence. This paper fully integrates the classical transmission mechanism of an engineering hydraulic torque converter (the three-element structure of pump–turbine–stator, working fluid angular momentum transport, torque ratio regulation) with the ontological gradient matter field of the Bead–Glow Model (LBM), proposing a complete, self-consistent, falsifiable, experimentally testable, and quantizable unified theory of cosmic dynamics. The core thesis is that all macroscopic gravitational phenomena in the universe do not originate from spacetime curvature, but from a vortex circulation formed by the intrinsic spin of a central body driving a continuous global glow field (gradient matter field). Through tangential drag, radial angular momentum transport, and dynamic centripetal–centrifugal antagonism, self-organized fluid-dynamic effects emerge. The working fluid of the hydraulic torque converter is directly equivalent to the gradient matter field (glow field) in LBM; both are continuous, propagable, quantizable coherent media, achieving seamless integration of macroscopic dynamics and microscopic ontology. On the theoretical foundation, this paper clarifies the string-theoretic root of LBM: the bead corresponds to the high-frequency localized vibration mode (particle nature) of strings, and the glow to the low-frequency extended mode (field nature). Only the string vibration hypothesis is adopted while the untestable extra-dimension parts are discarded, thus unifying gravity and quantum ontology. In terms of mathematical structure, starting from the principle of least action, the paper rigorously derives the effective field theory of the vortex field and the gradient matter field, proving their mathematical equivalence to General Relativity in the weak-field limit while providing testable deviations in the strong-field/quantum regime. Philosophically, it proposes a complementary “convex–concave mortise–tenon” relationship between the spherical bulge glow field of LBM and the spacetime depression of General Relativity, recasting spacetime curvature as a mathematical equivalent description of the gradient matter field at the macroscopic low-energy level, rather than physical reality. The flatness of galaxy rotation curves is a mathematical necessity of the angular velocity naturally satisfying ω ∝ 1/r under vortex drag, requiring no dark matter. Cosmic accelerated expansion is a natural manifestation of centrifugal dominance in large-scale vortex systems, requiring no dark energy. The disk-shaped structure of galaxies is the unique steady-state solution of anisotropic dynamics, where angular momentum transfer efficiency is highest in the equatorial plane and rapidly decays along the axis. The future evolution of the universe exhibits a cyclic oscillation pattern of expansion–contraction–bounce–re-expansion, with no singularity, no heat death, and no big rip. The paper adds macroscopic self-consistency arguments for galaxy steady-state dynamics, proposing a two-stage model of “high-energy startup phase – inertial cruise phase”, and constructs a long-range energy cycle closed loop via gravitational potential energy feedback, directly responding to the “perpetual motion machine” criticism. For GW170817, a new long-timescale evolutionary picture is given: before merger, each neutron star is an independent vortex system; the merger process is a “mutual approach” type of field coupling convergence; after merger, the newborn core gradually corrects disordered matter into a disk structure via high-speed spin, with angular momentum rippling outward to form a new-generation vortex galaxy. The 1.7 s delay is explained from the perspective of quantum coherent state phase transition, and a universal scaling law ∆t ∝ M−5/3 across mass scales is derived. Furthermore, the paper designs multiple feasible experimental verification and falsification schemes, including: a strongly magnetized rotational tabletop viscous magnetic sphere macroscopic simulation experiment, a vortex anisotropy test using long-term precision satellite orbit data, a statistical test of field-strength dependence of gravitational wave delays from multiple events, and quantum simulation experiments with neutral atom interferometers and BEC superfluid vortices. All schemes are accompanied by clear confirmation/falsification criteria. Ultimately, it is demonstrated that the fusion of the Hydraulic Torque Converter Model and the Bead–Glow Model constitutes a bottom-up, first-principles cosmic dynamical system requiring neither dark matter, dark energy, nor real spacetime curvature, providing a new path for the unification of quantum gravity and large-scale cosmology.