Modernizing Electrical Utility Networks: The Role of Geographical Information System in Enhancing Power Distribution and Management

Electrical utility networks, structured as centralized power systems with one-way flow, are undergoing significant transformation. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become pivotal in modernizing these networks, enabling spatial analysis, real-time monitoring and optimization of power distribution. Traditional electrical utility networks, reliant on manual operations, struggle with fault detection, load balancing, and integrating renewable energy sources. This study focuses on a comparative analysis of these traditional and modern networks, highlighting the structural evolution, technological advancements, and the critical role of GIS in creating a scalable, future-ready power infrastructure. To increase operational efficiency, modern systems make use of IoT sensors, smart grid technology, and predictive analytics. GIS supports dynamic decision-making by integrating real-time data with geographic context. The transition marks a paradigm shift toward decentralized, data-driven, and resilient energy networks.