= 35.30; 55% African American, 22% Asian American, 19% Latinx American, 4% other racial backgrounds; 57% women, 41% men; 52% religiously affiliated, 39% religiously unaffiliated), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a 22-item correlated four-factor model with correlated residuals corresponding to faith, agency, collective identity, and community giving. MRHS demonstrated measurement invariance across race, gender, and religious background. Latent correlations, average variance extracted, and hierarchical regression analyses provided evidence for MRHS's construct validity. MRHS subscales had excellent internal reliability estimates and adequate 4-week test-retest reliability estimates. Limitations of the present study and implications for future directions are discussed. MRHS can be used in descriptive or exploratory research to assess radical hope among Black, Asian, and Latinx Americans. We call for further validation of MRHS with other populations and settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Li et al. (Thu,) studied this question.