The ambition is expressed in the Vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 to build India as a developed, inclusive, and technologically advanced nation, by the centenary year of independence. Crucial to this transformation is creating a strategic alignment of skill and employability development as the backbone of lasting economic growth. In this context this paper investigates the coherence of human capital formation, labour market dynamics, technological change and long-run productivity growth in an Indian context. The paper uses human capital theory, endogenous growth models, and up-to-date automation-displacement theories to explore differences in labour market structure among skill classes, job vulnerability to automation, preparedness for AI and institutional response. Based on the analysis of available data such as the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) of India, national policy documents and comparative statistics, and global comparison, the study discovers that skills mismatch, gender skewed employment imbalances, and asymmetries in accessing training programmes, such as Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) and the Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme, remain relevant. It analyses the paradox of increasing educational attainment against the backdrop of higher youth unemployment, pointing towards the need to migrate away from qualification-led metrics and towards competency-driven models. Three pillars underpin sustainable growth in India: (i) AI-complementary skill ecosystems; (ii) institutionalized mechanisms for lifelong learning; and (iii) integrated social protection of vulnerable workers. In this regard, a proposed data-driven monitoring architecture facilitates policy responsiveness and labour-market alignment. This paper concludes with a robust roadmap that combines education reformation, vocational transformation, technological assimilation, and inclusive governance with the long-term objectives of Viksit Bharat 2047.
Abdul et al. (Sat,) studied this question.