The growing frequency of security events in public assembly buildings has created a demand for design-based security techniques that enhance safety without sacrificing architectural quality or user experience. Passive security design solutions, which rely on environmental design rather than mechanical surveillance, offer a long-term and non-intrusive method of crime prevention. This study investigates the effectiveness of passive security design solutions in event centre architecture in Nigeria, using Abuja as a case study. A structured questionnaire was administered to 112 built-environment professionals, including architects, engineers, event centre managers, and security personnel. Cronbach's alpha values varied from 0.679 to 0.818, demonstrating adequate internal consistency. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Relative Importance Index (RII), mean score ranking, and the Kruskal-Wallis H tests. The findings indicate that landscape and building design are the most effective passive security strategies (RII = 0.766), followed by access control and physical security measures. Major roadblocks include high initial costs, regulatory constraints, and a lack of professional capability. Resistance to change, skilled labour availability, and material access all demonstrated statistically significant differences between professional and age groups. According to the study, including passive security early in the planning phase can significantly increase safety at Nigerian event venues. Aside from identifying effective solutions, the article provides a feasible multi-layered design framework that incorporates passive security concepts into site layout, spatial zoning, illumination, and supporting technology. Architects and policymakers can use a design-based framework and spatial strategy to build safer event centre environments.
Abdullahi Yusuf (Thu,) studied this question.
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