Multiobjective Design Optimization of Adaptive Bending–Active Shading Structures with Scissor-Like Components

Abstract The design and fabrication of bending-active structural configurations pose significant challenges due to the nonlinearity of bending-active systems, material properties, the mutual relationship between element sizing and deformation behavior, the assembly process, and the initial flexibility. The enormous domain of construction parameters requires a specific sequence for morphological purposes. Reviewing the systems’ deformation behavior has posed the challenge of associating effective formatting parameters with their postformed load-deformation response. The present study evaluates a single-support roof that can adjust to various situations by utilizing scissor-like segments and bending-active elastic beams. Additionally, the scissor-like structural system reduces the height of the covering system to the ground in three stages by utilizing telescopic rods to increase the size, causing an expansion in bending in the elastic rods parallel to the ground. Subsequently, following configuration instructions, the structure is tested under various loads to evaluate its behavior. The second part of the study focuses on a shading system incorporating five adaptable elements. These elements are designed to provide different light levels, visibility, and thermal comfort throughout the day and seasons. The universal thermal climate index was calculated at two different times and seasons. The optimization process involved five design variables, specifically the rotation angle of dynamic elements, which can range from 0° to 180°. This aims to balance between thermal comfort and sky visibility percentage.