This study examines Iran’s evolving naval strategy in the Strait of Hormuz and its implications for global maritime security. As a vital chokepoint for nearly 20% of the world’s oil and a significant share of LNG exports, the Strait of Hormuz is central to global energy stability. Iran’s adoption of asymmetric naval warfare centered on fast-attack crafts (FACs), drones, and unmanned systems reflects a strategic shift shaped by historical conflicts, sanctions, and regional rivalries. Utilizing Alfred Mahan’s Sea Power Theory and Geoffrey Till’s maritime framework, this paper analyzes how Iran leverages geography, technological innovation, and hybrid warfare to project power and deter adversaries like the United States. The research highlights Iran’s transition from conventional exercises to long-range deployments and strategic engagements. It concludes that Iran’s naval posture not only redefines regional security dynamics but also poses challenges to freedom of navigation, energy security, and global maritime norms.
Awan et al. (2025) studied this question.