This paper investigates the evolving dynamics of human-computer interaction (HCI) in children, with a specific focus on the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI). As AI becomes increasingly embedded in children's digital environments, it is essential to understand how it is reshaping their interaction patterns, learning processes and developmental outcomes. The study explores the transition from traditional HCI frameworks to AI-driven interfaces, emphasizing key AI technologies relevant to children—such as machine learning, natural language processing and computer vision. It examines a broad range of AI applications, including adaptive educational platforms, intelligent virtual companions, AI-enhanced creative tools, smart toys, and voice-activated assistants. The paper further analyzes AI’s impact on children's cognitive, social and emotional development, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. Additionally, it addresses critical ethical concerns, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, manipulation risks, informed consent and digital well-being in AI-mediated experiences. By synthesizing current research and emerging insights, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of how AI is reshaping HCI patterns among children and underscores the importance of responsible AI design to safeguard their rights, privacy, and well-being in an increasingly intelligent digital landscape.
Ritika Bansal (Wed,) studied this question.