Research on China’s Strategies for Addressing Non-Tariff Barriers and Anti-dumping under the New Trade Protectionism Background

The rise of neo-trade protectionism has reshaped the global trade order, shifting emphasis from traditional tariffs to non-tariff barriers (NTBs) and trade remedies justified on regulatory grounds. This study investigates China’s increasing reliance on NTBs—such as technical barriers to trade (TBT), sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, and chemical regulatory frameworks—and its frequent use of anti-dumping actions to pursue industrial protection and structural adjustment. Based on WTO notifications, MOFCOM case announcements, and trade statistics, the paper analyzes three key cases: the 2015 Bisphenol-A (BPA) anti-dumping dispute, regulatory frictions between Korea’s K-REACH and China’s chemical control system, and China’s anti-dumping duties on Korean stainless steel plate. Findings reveal that China’s measures serve dual purposes: short-term protection of domestic industries facing overcapacity and long-term promotion of supply chain localization and technological upgrading. For Korea, these actions led to marked export declines—BPA market share fell from 21% in 2014 to under 10% in 2017, and stainless steel exports dropped over 60% between 2015 and 2018. Policy implications suggest Korea must strengthen institutional negotiation, advance firm-level patent and standards strategies, and build multilateral alliances to offset China’s regulatory power. This study contributes to the literature by situating China’s NTBs and anti-dumping practices within the broader neo-protectionist paradigm and offering strategic insights for Korea’s policy response.