Z. Samashev’s Research on Medieval Urban Culture (Based on the Example of the City of Saraishyq)

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical and cultural significance of medieval city Saraishyq. Its objective is to examine the historical and cultural heritage of Saraishyq and to identify ways to preserve, protect, and promote it. A central role is played by the archaeological work of the archaeologist Zainolla Samashev. Historical and archaeological data are analyzed and described, with systematic methods applied to both documentary sources and excavation results. Based on Z. Samashev’s studies, the stages of urban development and the cultural-historical context of the city are explored. Archaeological evidence is used to describe the city's development, architectural features, the lifestyle of its inhabitants, its craft and trade systems. The study highlights Z. Samashev’s contributions to the exploration of Saraishyq, analyzes the excavation findings, and outlines four stages of the city’s formation and prosperity, emphasizing its role as a center where nomadic and sedentary cultures intersected. The article presents current challenges and ongoing efforts of the preservation of the site. Saraishyq served as a trade, cultural, and administrative center during the periods from the Golden Horde to the Kazakh Khanate. The threat of destruction due to natural factors and the potential measures for the city’s conservation are discussed.