Photovoltaic (PV) systems have gained prominence as critical tools for climate change mitigation and carbon emission reduction. These systems utilize static converters and proportional-integral controllers to regulate active and reactive power, while energy storage batteries enhance power quality by stabilizing electrical parameters (current/voltage). This study investigates a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system that co-generates electricity and heat using dual heat-transfer fluids with integrated thermal storage. Outdoor validation demonstrated that the hybrid cooling collector significantly reduced panel operating temperatures, achieving a maximum electrical efficiency of 15.71% in February—representing a 22% increase over conventional PV panels. Under balanced air-water flow conditions, the system attained 69.25% heat recovery efficiency and 84.40% total thermal efficiency. Deployed across four sites, PVT systems met 60% of residential heating demands and, when integrated with absorption chillers, 100% of cooling requirements. With installation costs 30–40% lower than PV-only equivalents, these systems offer a cost-effective solution for high-irradiance regions. Key factors for solar forecasting model development are identified, and findings provide actionable guidance for designing integrated energy management systems. The study positions PVT technology as a sustainable alternative for solar-rich regions, augmented by AI-driven optimization for adaptive energy networks. Future research priorities include cross-regional validation, advanced materials development, and policy frameworks for scaled deployment, collectively advancing the global transition toward renewable energy resilience.
Ahmed Handam (Wed,) studied this question.
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