Energy Management Using Hybrid Solar Systems: A Study of Their Efficiency in Electricity and Heat Production

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have gained prominence as critical tools for climate change mitigation and carbon emission reduction. These systems utilize static converters and proportional-integral controllers to regulate active and reactive power, while energy storage batteries enhance power quality by stabilizing electrical parameters (current/voltage). This study investigates a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system that co-generates electricity and heat using dual heat-transfer fluids with integrated thermal storage. Outdoor validation demonstrated that the hybrid cooling collector significantly reduced panel operating temperatures, achieving a maximum electrical efficiency of 15.71% in February—representing a 22% increase over conventional PV panels. Under balanced air-water flow conditions, the system attained 69.25% heat recovery efficiency and 84.40% total thermal efficiency. Deployed across four sites, PVT systems met 60% of residential heating demands and, when integrated with absorption chillers, 100% of cooling requirements. With installation costs 30–40% lower than PV-only equivalents, these systems offer a cost-effective solution for high-irradiance regions. Key factors for solar forecasting model development are identified, and findings provide actionable guidance for designing integrated energy management systems. The study positions PVT technology as a sustainable alternative for solar-rich regions, augmented by AI-driven optimization for adaptive energy networks. Future research priorities include cross-regional validation, advanced materials development, and policy frameworks for scaled deployment, collectively advancing the global transition toward renewable energy resilience.