Abstract Very often, comparatively simple silvicultural or soil treatments are all that is needed successfully to regenerate a stand. In shortleaf pine-oak mixtures on the coastal plain of New Jersey, the mechanical breaking up of the turf to expose the mineral soil resulted in the establishment of a good stand of seedlings. Removing the litter only by raking was not found to be effective.
O. M. Wood (Sun,) studied this question.
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