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Toxoplasmosis is the most common space-occupying lesion in HIV-infected patients that typically presents as a space-occupying lesion in the supratentorial region, often manifesting as focal neurological deficits. Infratentorial toxoplasmosis is extremely rare, with a few reported cases in the literature. Here, we are reporting a 53-year-old healthy female presented with isolated single cerebellar toxoplasmosis as a first manifestation of HIV infection. The patient underwent suboccipital craniotomy and tumor excision, and the subsequent histopathological exam revealed toxoplasma protozoan. While cerebral toxoplasmosis is common in HIV-infected patients, cerebellar involvement is rare and requires prompt diagnosis for effective treatment. A high index of suspicion is emphasized to prompt early diagnosis and initiation of therapy.
Turkistani et al. (Sun,) studied this question.