Solitary Cerebellar Toxoplasmosis as the First Presentation of HIV Infection: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Toxoplasmosis is the most common space-occupying lesion in HIV-infected patients that typically presents as a space-occupying lesion in the supratentorial region, often manifesting as focal neurological deficits. Infratentorial toxoplasmosis is extremely rare, with a few reported cases in the literature. Here, we are reporting a 53-year-old healthy female presented with isolated single cerebellar toxoplasmosis as a first manifestation of HIV infection. The patient underwent suboccipital craniotomy and tumor excision, and the subsequent histopathological exam revealed toxoplasma protozoan. While cerebral toxoplasmosis is common in HIV-infected patients, cerebellar involvement is rare and requires prompt diagnosis for effective treatment. A high index of suspicion is emphasized to prompt early diagnosis and initiation of therapy.