Multilevel Digital Transformation of the Economy: The Role of a Single Digital Space in the Formation of Sustainable Ecosystems

This article reveals the theoretical and methodological foundations of economic digital transformation as a multi-level process encompassing macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of socio-economic systems. It is demonstrated that digital transformation serves as the primary driver of global economic development, fueled by rapid growth in investments in digital technologies and artificial intelligence. The concept of technological singularity is introduced as a qualitative leap in the transformation of business models and management practices, reflecting the shift toward autonomous, data-driven economic processes. The article substantiates the pivotal role of a unified digital space as a key infrastructural component of the digital economy, essential for fostering seamless integration and coordination among various economic actors. A structural model of the digital space is proposed, based on principles of interoperability, standardization, security, and flexibility, which collectively ensure transparency, operational efficiency, and sustainable development within digital ecosystems. Contemporary challenges and strategic recommendations are analyzed concerning the formation and support of digital ecosystems, with particular emphasis on institutional frameworks and financial mechanisms. The study highlights the necessity of developing adaptive regulatory policies, innovative investment models, and collaborative partnerships among state institutions, private sector entities, and scientific communities. International experiences, such as those embodied in the EU Digital Single Market initiative and policies of the OECD, World Bank, and UN, are reviewed to demonstrate the global trend toward integrated digital infrastructure fostering innovation, inclusiveness, and economic resilience. The findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how multi-layered digital transformation shapes modern economies and provide a conceptual basis for policymakers and practitioners aiming to design effective strategies for sustainable digital development.