At present, against the backdrop of deepening reform in vocational education and industry integration in China, the cooperation between schools and enterprises in energy technology research and development -characterised by rapid technological iteration, long investment cycles, and strong policy dependence -has become a vital pathway for talent cultivation.While shortterm incentives can enhance cooperation efficiency, they often induce opportunistic behaviour.Long-term collaboration, though conducive to strengthening the stability of cooperation between profit and non-profit organisations, faces a series of challenges such as high initial costs and lengthy implementation cycles.This study expands the application of evolutionary game theory to the field of vocational education, providing a theoretical foundation for advancing school-enterprise cooperation and deepening the integration of industry and education in practice.
Li et al. (Thu,) studied this question.