Stability of school-enterprise cooperation in energy education: interaction mechanisms and policy implications

At present, against the backdrop of deepening reform in vocational education and industry integration in China, the cooperation between schools and enterprises in energy technology research and development -characterised by rapid technological iteration, long investment cycles, and strong policy dependence -has become a vital pathway for talent cultivation.While shortterm incentives can enhance cooperation efficiency, they often induce opportunistic behaviour.Long-term collaboration, though conducive to strengthening the stability of cooperation between profit and non-profit organisations, faces a series of challenges such as high initial costs and lengthy implementation cycles.This study expands the application of evolutionary game theory to the field of vocational education, providing a theoretical foundation for advancing school-enterprise cooperation and deepening the integration of industry and education in practice.