Selenium-doped VO 2 cathode with enhanced kinetics towards stable zinc–vanadium pouch batteries

Key Points

• The aim is to investigate how selenium doping in VO₂ cathodes affects the performance of zinc–vanadium pouch batteries.
• Selenium doping of VO₂ cathodes was performed.
• Characterization of electron conductivity and Zn²⁺ diffusion was conducted.
• Battery performance was tested over 450 cycles.
• The selenium-doped VO₂ cathodes showed significantly enhanced electron conductivity.
• There was improved Zn²⁺ diffusion in the cathodes.
• The batteries demonstrated 99% capacity retention after 450 cycles.