The aim is to investigate how selenium doping in VO₂ cathodes affects the performance of zinc–vanadium pouch batteries.
Selenium doping of VO₂ cathodes was performed.
Characterization of electron conductivity and Zn²⁺ diffusion was conducted.
Battery performance was tested over 450 cycles.
The selenium-doped VO₂ cathodes showed significantly enhanced electron conductivity.
There was improved Zn²⁺ diffusion in the cathodes.
The batteries demonstrated 99% capacity retention after 450 cycles.
Abstract
Selenium-doped VO₂ cathodes with enhanced electron conductivity and Zn²⁺ diffusion enable ultra-stable zinc–vanadium pouch batteries with 99% capacity retention after 450 cycles.