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May 4, 2026Open Access

A Narrative Review of Propolis and Metformin in Topical Dermatology: From Mono-Agent Bioactivities to the Frontier of Emulgel-Based Combination Therapies for Melasma

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Authors

ANAbdalwali Ahmed Saif1, Amina El-Shaibany2,4, Mahmoud Mahyoob Alburyhi1*, Mohammed Abbas Hamidaddin3, Maged Alwan Noman1,4

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Overview

Narrative review evaluates propolis and metformin in combination therapies for melasma, suggesting dual-drug emulgel benefits.

Key Points

  • Evaluate the bioactivities of propolis and metformin for melasma therapy and explore innovative emulgel formulations.
  • Literature synthesis from 2010 to 2026 focusing on propolis and metformin
  • Evaluation of pharmacological properties including anti-melanogenic and antioxidant effects
  • Exploration of topical formulation advancements and multi-target therapies
  • Identified propolis and metformin as promising agents for melasma treatment with multi-faceted effects
  • Proposed emulgel technology as a novel delivery system for enhancing therapeutic outcomes
  • Established rationale for dual-drug strategy targeting melanogenesis pathways

Cite This Study

Abdalwali Ahmed Saif1, Amina El-Shaibany2,4, Mahmoud Mahyoob Alburyhi1*, Mohammed Abbas Hamidaddin3, Maged Alwan Noman1,4 (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69f837793ed186a739981ab0https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19972536
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