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The authors investigated the temperature dependence of the noise in thin-film DC superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDS) down to 20 mK. The white noise measured in the early versions of the SQUIDS did not decrease as the bath temperature was lowered below 150 mK. The authors have attributed this saturation to a hot electron effect in the thin-film AuCu resistors shunting the Josephson junctions. A theoretical investigation showed that the temperature of the electrons in the shunts should be given by T/sub e/=(P/ Sigma Omega )/sup 1/5/, where P is the power dissipated in the shunts, Omega is the shunt volume, and Sigma is a proportionality constant. Experimentally, the authors found epsilon =(2.4+or-0.6)*10/sup 9/ WK/sup -5/ m/sup -3/. The shunts were redesigned, adding large thin-film cooling fins, to increase their volume substantially. This technique has reduced T/sub e/ to about 50 mK, with a corresponding improvement in the sensitivity of the SQUIDS.>
Wellstood et al. (1989) studied this question.