Hyperthyroidism is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation which presents in 28% of patients, and sinus tachycardia.
This narrative review highlights that hyperthyroidism is a significant independent risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia, and outlines current management strategies.
Hyperthyroidism directly affects the cardiovascular system, altering the heart's normal function and leading to high cardiovascular mortality. Excess thyroid hormones are associated with significantly increased risk and prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF). This article reviewed the hemodynamic changes and the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial and ventricular arrhythmias associated with hyperthyroidism. It has also discussed the multi-level pathophysiology of thyrotoxic AF, sinus tachycardia, and different treatment modalities such as anti-thyroid drugs, beta-blockers, and the role of cardioversion and catheter ablation. This article has explored different studies that have concluded that AF and sinus tachycardia are the most common arrhythmias associated with thyrotoxicosis.
Ahmad et al. (2022) conducted a review in Hyperthyroidism and Cardiac Arrhythmias. Hyperthyroidism vs. Euthyroid state was evaluated. Hyperthyroidism is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation which presents in 28% of patients, and sinus tachycardia.