CAMEL-Based Comparative Analysis of Selected Public and Private Sector Banks

The banking sector plays a significant role in the economic development of a country by mobilizing savings, providing credit, and maintaining financial stability. In India, both public and private sector banks contribute substantially to economic growth and financial inclusion. This study evaluates the financial performance of selected public and private sector banks using the CAMEL analysis framework. The CAMEL model examines five important dimensions of banking performance: Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings Quality, and Liquidity. The study focuses on five public sector banks namely State Bank of India (SBI), Bank of Baroda (BOB), Punjab National Bank (PNB), Central Bank of India (CB), and Canara Bank, along with five private sector banks namely HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, Federal Bank, and IDBI Bank. Secondary data collected from annual reports and RBI publications for the period 2021–2025 were analysed using ratio analysis, mean, standard deviation, and ranking methods. The findings reveal that private sector banks generally performed better in profitability, asset quality, and management efficiency, while public sector banks maintained strong market presence and financial stability.