The rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations due to anthropogenic activities has intensified global concerns regarding climate change and environmental sustainability 2, 3. Fossil fuel combustion, particularly in coal-based power plants and energy- intensive industries, contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for a major portion of global CO₂ output 1, 3. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) has emerged as a crucial technological approach to mitigate emissions by capturing CO₂ from industrial sources, transporting it, and either utilizing it in value- added processes or storing it in geological formations 1, 5. The integration of CCUS into existing industrial systems provides an opportunity to reduce emissions without completely phasing out fossil fuels, thereby supporting a gradual transition to a low-carbon economy 16, 19. Despite its potential, CCUS faces several technical, economic, and policy-related challenges, including high capital costs, increased energy demand, and limited large-scale implementation 4, 18. Furthermore, uncertainties related to long-term storage safety and monitoring remain critical concerns 14, 15. This report presents an in-depth analysis of CCUS technologies, including capture mechanisms, transport systems, utilization pathways, and storage strategies, while also identifying research gaps and future directions. The study highlights that CCUS is an essential component of global climate mitigation strategies but requires significant advancements and policy support for widespread adoption 2, 19.
Bose et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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