What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine how state variations in 529 plan offerings impact investment costs and flexibility for investors.

June 3, 2026

Snapshots of Home Is Where Your 529 Plan Is: State Variation in Plan Offerings

Key Points

To examine how state variations in 529 plan offerings impact investment costs and flexibility for investors.
Analyzed 529 plan offerings across different states.
Compared investment costs and risk profiles based on the number of age-based risk groups offered.
States with only one age-based 529 risk group show generally higher-cost funds.
Higher-cost funds in these states often resemble moderate or aggressive options, reducing flexibility for conservative investors.

Abstract

Quickly apply original, key PMR-published papers with Snapshots—a short article companion that distills PMR research into compressed, digestible takeaways, so you can put the paper’s core ideas to work in your investment process—fast. This Snapshot article is based on research arguing that states that offer only one age-based 529 risk group tend to provide higher-cost funds whose risk often resembles moderate or aggressive options in states with multiple risk groups, limiting flexibility for investors, especially conservative ones.

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