Physiological synchrony of respiration, heart rate, and heart rate variability was significantly present between therapist and clients and associated with self-reported alliance ratings.
Observational (n=4)
No
Does physiological synchrony occur between therapist and client during psychotherapy sessions, and is it associated with self-report ratings?
This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring physiological synchrony between therapist and client during psychotherapy and suggests an association with therapeutic alliance.
Objective: In this proof-of-principle study, a convenience sample of 55 dyadic psychotherapy sessions conducted by one therapist was analyzed. This study aimed at exploring physiological synchrony in naturalistic psychotherapy sessions and the association of such synchrony with self-report ratings. Methods: The electrocardiograms and respiration behavior of both therapist and client were monitored simultaneously. Four clients were included, and session outcome was documented by session reports in two clients. From electrocardiograms, heart rate and heart rate variability were derived in consecutive 15-second intervals throughout sessions. Entire sessions (average duration, 51 min) were assessed for physiological synchrony of therapist’s and client’s respiration, electrocardiogram, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Two methods of synchrony computation were applied to the time series: windowed cross-correlation and correlation of local slopes (concordance). Both methods included surrogate controls using segment-wise shuffling. Results: Significant synchrony of three measures, but not of electrocardiograms, was present in this dataset. In regression models, we found associations between synchronies and alliance ratings, and further self-report variables. Conclusions: Results support the existence of physiological synchrony in this collection of psychotherapy sessions, which speaks for the sympathetic and parasympathetic coupling between this therapist and her clients and its link with ratings of the therapy process. The feasibility of deriving signatures of synchrony of physiological signals with the described methodology was corroborated. The findings now await generalization by further research.
Tschacher et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Psychotherapy (n=4). Physiological monitoring during psychotherapy was evaluated on Physiological synchrony of respiration, electrocardiogram, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Physiological synchrony of respiration, heart rate, and heart rate variability was significantly present between therapist and clients and associated with self-reported alliance ratings.