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Up to now, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem, posing a serious threat to human health. Traditional methods for analyzing time-varying trends, such as age and period, tend to ignore the poor impact of birth cohorts, which is an important factor in the development of TB. The age-period-cohort (APC) model, a statistical method widely used in recent decades in economics, sociology, and epidemiology, can quantitatively estimate the efficacy of different age, period, and birth cohort groups for TB by separating the effects of these three dimensions and controlling for confounding factors among the time variables. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the model, focus on the application of the existing APC model in the field of TB, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. This study will help to provides a theoretical basis and reference for using the APC model in TB analysis and prediction.
Luo et al. (2025) studied this question.